A A A Ц Ц Ц Ц

ШРИФТ:

Arial Times New Roman

ИНТЕРВАЛ:

х1 х1.5 х2

КЕРНИНГ:

Обычный Средний Большой

ИЗОБРАЖЕНИЯ:

Черно-белые Цветные
Visually impaired Normal version
ISSN 0023-4885 * The journal was founded in 1910. * It is included in the list of HAC
Krolikovodstvo i Zverovodstvo
Rabbit breeding and fur farming international interdisciplinary journal

УЛЬТРАЗВУКОВЫЕ ВОКАЛИЗАЦИИ ВЗРОСЛЫХ И НОВОРОЖДЕННЫХ КРОЛИКОВ

УДК 599.735.31 + 591.582                                          DOI:  10.52178/00234885_2026_2_28

УЛЬТРАЗВУКОВЫЕ ВОКАЛИЗАЦИИ ВЗРОСЛЫХ И НОВОРОЖДЕННЫХ КРОЛИКОВ

Ультразвуковые вокализации кролика

Володин Илья Александрович1*, Клёнова Анна Викторовна1, Володина Елена Владимировна2, Попов Дмитрий Владимирович 3, Косовский Глеб Юрьевич 3

1Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова, биологический факультет, Россия, 119234, Москва, Ленинские Горы, 1/12

2Институт проблем экологии и эволюции имени А.Н. Северцова Российской академии наук

 Россия, 119071, Москва, Ленинский просп., 33

3Институт пушного звероводства и кролиководства имени В.А. Афанасьева

Россия, 140143, Московская область, м.о. Раменский, пгт. Родники, ул. Трудовая., 6

* e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Проведено описание ультразвуковых криков, впервые найденных у представителя отряда Зайцеобразных – кролика. Взрослые кролики издавали ультразвуки при миролюбивых контактах друг с другом или с человеком, а крольчата в возрасте от 1 до 11 дней – в ситуации изоляции от матери. Были измерены акустические параметры в 33 ультразвуках взрослых и 45 ультразвуках крольчат. Основная частота большинства ультразвуков варьировала в диапазоне 27–32 кГц, длительность составляла в среднем 21–22 мс как у взрослых, так и у крольчат. Ультразвуковые крики взрослых и крольчат не различались ни по длительности, ни по основной или пиковой частотам. Такое отсутствие связи между основной частотой и размерами животного косвенно подтверждает, что ультразвуковые крики домашних кроликов могут издаваться по механизму свиста. Структура ультразвуковых криков кроликов во многом была сходна с ультразвуками грызунов. Однако коммуникативное значение ультразвуковых криков кроликов требует экспериментального подтверждения.

Ключевые слова: акустические параметры, домашний кролик, лабораторный вид, ультразвуковые крики, Lagomorpha.

Финансирование: Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке гранта Российского научного фонда № 25-14-00008, https://rscf.ru/project/25-14-00008/.

Сокращения: кГц - килогерц, мс - миллисекунда.

Конфликт интересов. Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов.

Вклад авторов. Все авторы внесли равноценный вклад при создании данной статьи.

Список литературы

  1. Riede T. Subglottal pressure, tracheal airflow, and intrinsic laryngeal muscle activity during rat ultrasound vocalization // J. Neurophysiol. 2011. V. 106. N 5. P. 2580–2592. DOI: 10.1152/jn.00478.2011
  2. Riede T., Borgard H.L., Pasch B. Laryngeal airway reconstruction indicates that rodent ultrasonic vocalizations are produced by an edge-tone mechanism // R. Soc. Open Sci. 2017. V. 4. 170976. DOI: 10.1098/rsos.170976
  3. Abhirami S., Agarwalla S., Bhattacharya A., Bandyopadhyay S. Contribution of the ventral pouch in the production of mouse ultrasonic vocalizations // Phys. Rev. E. 2023. V. 107. 024412. DOI: 10.1103/physreve.107.024412
  4. Volodin I.A., Volodina E.V., Frey R. Bull bellows and bugles: a remarkable convergence of low and high-frequency vocalizations between male domestic cattle Bos taurus and the rutting calls of Siberian and North American wapiti // Bioacoustics. 2017. V. 26. N 3. P. 271–284. DOI: 10.1080/09524622.2016.1275805
  5. Fernández-Vargas M., Riede T., Pasch B. Mechanisms and constraints underlying acoustic variation in rodents // Anim. Behav. 2022. V. 184. P. 135–147. DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2021.07.011
  6. Reby D., Wyman M.T., Frey R., Passilongo D., Gilbert J., Locatelli Y., Charlton B.D. Evidence of biphonation and source–filter interactions in the bugles of male North American wapiti (Cervus canadensis) // J. Exp. Biol. 2016. V. 219. N 8. P. 1224–1236. DOI: 10.1242/jeb.131219
  7. Beeck V.C., Heilmann G., Kerscher M., Stoeger A.S. A novel theory of Asian elephant high-frequency squeak production // BMC Biol. 2021. V. 19. 121. DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-01026-z
  8. Volodin I.A., Volodina E.V., Rutovskaya M.V. Camel whistling vocalisations: male and female call structure and context in Camelus bactrianus and Camelus dromedarius // Bioacoustics. 2022. V. 31. N 2. P. 132–147. DOI: 10.1080/09524622.2021.1889403
  9. Lefévre R.A., de Beauchesne L.B., Sabarros F., Briefer Freymond S., Ramseyer A., Keller M., Reby D., Fitch W.T., Briefer E.F. The high fundamental frequency in horse whinnies is generated by an aerodynamic whistle // Curr. Biol. 2026. V. 36. P. 902–911. DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2026.01.004
  10. Schneiderová I. Vocal repertoire ontogeny of the captive Asian house shrew Suncus murinus suggests that the male courtship call develops from the caravanning call of the young // Acta Theriol. 2014. V. 59. N 1. P. 149–164. DOI: 10.1007/s13364-013-0141-1
  11. Volodin I.A., Zaytseva A.S., Ilchenko O.G., Volodina E.V. Small mammals ignore common rules: a comparison of vocal repertoires and the acoustics between pup and adult piebald shrews Diplomesodon pulchellum // Ethology. 2015. V. 121. N 2. P. 103–115. DOI: 10.1111/eth.12321
  12. Volodin I.A., Volodina E.V., Frey R., Karaseva K.D., Kirilyuk V.E. Daurian pika (Ochotona dauurica) alarm calls: individual acoustic variation in a lagomorph with audible through ultrasonic vocalizations // J. Mammal. 2021. V. 102. N 3. P. 947–959. DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyab048
  13. Conner D.A. Analysis of the vocal repertoire of adult pikas: ecological and evolutionary perspectives // Anim. Behav. 1985. V. 33. N 1. P. 124–134. DOI: 10.1016/s0003-3472(85)80126-3
  14. Никольский А.А., Мухамедиев Т.Д. Половой диморфизм и сезонные изменения песни алтайской пищухи // Бюлл. МОИП, Отд. биол. 1998. Т. 103. Вып. 1. С. 9–20.
  15. Лисовский А.А. Сравнительный анализ акустического репертуара и изменчивости звуковых сигналов пищух (Ochotona, Mammalia) группы alpina-hiperborea // Бюлл. МОИП, Отд. биол. 2005. Т. 110. Вып. 6. С. 12–26.
  16. Volodin I.A., Matrosova V.A., Frey R., Kozhevnikova J.D., Isaeva I.L., Volodina E.V. Altai pika (Ochotona alpina) alarm calls: individual acoustic variation and the phenomenon of call-synchronous ear folding behavior // Sci. Nat. 2018. V. 105. 40. DOI: 10.1007/s00114-018-1567-8
  17. Marsden H.M., Holler N.R. Social behavior in confined populations of the cottontail and the swamp rabbit // Wildl. Monogr. 1964. N 13. P. 3–39.
  18. Green J.S., Flinders J.T. Alarm call of the pygmy rabbit (Brachylagus idahoensis) // Great Basin Naturalist. 1981. V. 41. N 1. P. 158–160.
  19. Tefft B.C., Chapman J.A. Social behavior of the New England cottontail, Sylvilagus transitionalis (Bangs) with a review of social behavior in New World rabbits (Mammalia: Leporidae) // Revue d’Écologie. 1987. V. 42. N 3. P. 235–276.
  20. Rehnus M., Wehrle M., Obrist M.K. Vocalisation in the mountain hare: calls of a mostly silent species // Eur. J. Wildl. Res. 2019. V. 65. 95. DOI: 10.1007/s10344-019-1331-1
  21. Schuh D., Hoy S., Selzer D. Vocalization of rabbit pups in the mother-young relationship // In: Proceedings of the 8th World Rabbit Congress; 7-10 September 2004; Puebla, Mexico. 2004. P. 1266–1270.
  22. Rödel H.G., Landmann C., Starkloff A., Kunc H.P., Hudson R. Absentee mothering – not so absent? Responses of European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) mothers to pup distress calls // Ethology. 2013. V. 119. N 11. P. 1024–1033. DOI: 10.1111/eth.12149
  23. Cowan D.P., Bell D.J. Leporid social behavior and organization // Mamm. Rev. 1986. V. 16. N 3-4. P. 169–179. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2907.1986.tb00039.x
  24. Cowan D.P. Group living in the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus): mutual benefit or resource localization? // J. Anim. Ecol. 1987. V. 56. N 3. P. 779–795. DOI: 10.2307/4948
  25. Lehmann M. Social behaviour in young domestic rabbits under semi-natural conditions // Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 1991. V. 32. N 2-3. P. 269–292. DOI: 10.1016/S0168-1591(05)80049-8
  26. Okanoya K., Screven L.A. Rodent vocalizations: adaptations to physical, social, and sexual factors // In: Dent M., Fay R., Popper A. (eds.) Rodent Bioacoustics. Springer Handbook of Auditory Research, V. 67; Springer, Cham. 2018. P. 13–41. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-92495-3_2
  27. Miard P., Lim L.S., Abdullah N.I., Elias N.A., Ruppert N. Ultrasound use by Sunda colugos offers new insights into the communication of these cryptic mammals // Bioacoustics. 2019. V. 28. N 5. P. 397–403. DOI: 10.1080/09524622.2018.1463294
  28. Farwell T.A., Diggins C.A., Clucas B. Ultrasonic vocalizations of Humboldt’s flying squirrel (Glaucomys oregonensis) // West. N. Am. Naturalist. 2024. V. 84. N 1. P. 53–66. DOI: 10.3398/064.084.0105
  29. Dymskaya M.M., Volodin I.A., Smorkatcheva A.V., Vasilieva N.A., Volodina E.V. Audible, but not ultrasonic, calls reflect surface-dwelling or subterranean specialization in pup and adult Brandt’s and mandarin voles // Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 2022. V. 76. 106. DOI: 10.1007/s00265-022-03213-6
  30. Liu R.C., Miller K.D., Merzenich M.M., Schreiner C.E. Acoustic variability and distinguishability among mouse ultrasound vocalizations // J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 2003. V. 114. P. 3412–3422. DOI: 10.1121/1.1623787
  31. Yurlova D.D., Volodin I.A., Ilchenko O.G., Volodina E.V. Rapid development of mature vocal patterns of ultrasonic calls in a fast-growing rodent, the yellow steppe lemming (Eolagurus luteus) // PLoS ONE. 2020. V. 15. e0228892. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228892
  32. Heffner H., Masterton B. Hearing in Glires: domestic rabbit, cotton rat, feral house mouse, and kangaroo rat // J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1980. V. 68. N 6. P. 1584–1599. DOI: 10.1121/1.385213
  33. Holy T.E., Guo Z. Ultrasonic songs of male mice // PLoS Biol. 2005. V. 3. e386. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0030386
  34. Ter-Mikaelian M., Yapa W.P., Rübsamen R. Vocal behavior of the Mongolian gerbil in a seminatural enclosure // Behaviour. 2012. V. 149. N 5. P. 461–492. DOI: 10.1163/156853912X639778
  35. Boulanger-Bertolus J., Rincón-Cortés M., Sullivan R.M., Mouly A.M. Understanding pup affective state through ethologically significant ultrasonic vocalization frequency // Sci. Rep. 2017. V. 7. 13483. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13518-6
  36. Capas-Peneda S., Saavedra Torres Y., Prins J., Olsson A.S. From mating to milk access: a review of reproductive vocal communication in mice // Front. Behav. Neurosci. 2022. V. 16. 833168. DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.833168

Информация об авторах:

Володин Илья Александрович – доктор биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории поведения животных кафедры зоологии позвоночных биологического факультета МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова, ORCID: 0000-0001-6278-0354, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it..

Клёнова Анна Викторовна – кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории поведения животных кафедры зоологии позвоночных биологического факультета МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова, ORCID: 0000-0001-8176-9847.

Володина Елена Владимировна – кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории поведения и поведенческой экологии млекопитающий ИПЭЭ РАН имени А.Н. Северцова, ORCID: 0000-0001-9755-4576.

Попов Дмитрий Владимирович – кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, заведующий отделом биотехнологии ФГБНУ НИИПЗК, ORCID: 0000-0001-7422-5470.

Косовский Глеб Юрьевич – доктор биологических наук, член-корреспондент РАН, директор ФГБНУ НИИПЗК, ORCID: 0000-0003-3808-3086.

 

ULTRASONIC VOCALIZATIONS OF ADULT AND NEWBORN RABBITS

Ultrasonic vocalizations of rabbits

Volodin Ilya Alexandrovich1*, Klenova Anna Viktorovna1, Volodina Elena Vladimirovna2, Popov Dmitry Vladimirovich 3, Kosovsky Gleb Yurievich3

1Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology

Russia, 119234, Moscow, Vorobievy Gory, 1/12

2 Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences,

Russia, 119071, Moscow,  Leninsky prospect, 33

3Afanas'ev Research Institute of Fur-Bearing Animal Breeding and Rabbit Breeding,

Russia, 140143, Moscow region, Ramensky district, pgt. Rodniky, Trudovaya str., 6

 * e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

We describe ultrasonic calls, detected in the first time in a Lagomorpha species – rabbit.  Adult rabbits produced the ultrasonic calls during affiliative contacts with each other or towards humans, whereas newborn rabbits of 1–11 days of age produced the ultrasonic calls in the situation of isolation of a litter from the mother. We measured the acoustical parameters in 33 ultrasonic calls of the adults and 45 ultrasonic calls of the kits. The fundamental frequency of most ultrasonic calls ranged of 27–32 kHz, call duration was on average 21–22 ms in both adults and kits. The ultrasonic calls of adults and kits not differed in call duration, the fundamental frequency or peak frequency. Such absence of the relationship between call fundamental frequency and body size of animal suggests that ultrasonic calls of rabbits are produced via the whistle mechanism. The acoustic structure of ultrasonic calls of rabbits was mainly similar with ultrasonic calls of rodents. However, the communicative functions of rabbit ultrasonic calls should be established experimentally.

Keywords: acoustical variables, domestic rabbit, laboratory species, ultrasonic calls, Lagomorpha.

Financial support: This study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, grant number 25-14-00008, https://rscf.ru/en/project/25-14-00008/.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.

Author contributions. All authors have made an equal contribution to the creation of this article.

References

  1. Riede T. Subglottal pressure, tracheal airflow, and intrinsic laryngeal muscle activity during rat ultrasound vocalization // J. Neurophysiol. 2011. V. 106. N 5. P. 2580–2592. DOI: 10.1152/jn.00478.2011
  2. Riede T., Borgard H.L., Pasch B. Laryngeal airway reconstruction indicates that rodent ultrasonic vocalizations are produced by an edge-tone mechanism // R. Soc. Open Sci. 2017. V. 4. 170976. DOI: 10.1098/rsos.170976
  3. Abhirami S., Agarwalla S., Bhattacharya A., Bandyopadhyay S. Contribution of the ventral pouch in the production of mouse ultrasonic vocalizations // Phys. Rev. E. 2023. V. 107. 024412. DOI: 10.1103/physreve.107.024412
  4. Volodin I.A., Volodina E.V., Frey R. Bull bellows and bugles: a remarkable convergence of low and high-frequency vocalizations between male domestic cattle Bos taurus and the rutting calls of Siberian and North American wapiti // Bioacoustics. 2017. V. 26. N 3. P. 271–284. DOI: 10.1080/09524622.2016.1275805
  5. Fernández-Vargas M., Riede T., Pasch B. Mechanisms and constraints underlying acoustic variation in rodents // Anim. Behav. 2022. V. 184. P. 135–147. DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2021.07.011
  6. Reby D., Wyman M.T., Frey R., Passilongo D., Gilbert J., Locatelli Y., Charlton B.D. Evidence of biphonation and source–filter interactions in the bugles of male North American wapiti (Cervus canadensis) // J. Exp. Biol. 2016. V. 219. N 8. P. 1224–1236. DOI: 10.1242/jeb.131219
  7. Beeck V.C., Heilmann G., Kerscher M., Stoeger A.S. A novel theory of Asian elephant high-frequency squeak production // BMC Biol. 2021. V. 19. 121. DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-01026-z
  8. Volodin I.A., Volodina E.V., Rutovskaya M.V. Camel whistling vocalisations: male and female call structure and context in Camelus bactrianus and Camelus dromedarius // Bioacoustics. 2022. V. 31. N 2. P. 132–147. DOI: 10.1080/09524622.2021.1889403
  9. Lefévre R.A., de Beauchesne L.B., Sabarros F., Briefer Freymond S., Ramseyer A., Keller M., Reby D., Fitch W.T., Briefer E.F. The high fundamental frequency in horse whinnies is generated by an aerodynamic whistle // Curr. Biol. 2026. V. 36. P. 902–911. DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2026.01.004
  10. Schneiderová I. Vocal repertoire ontogeny of the captive Asian house shrew Suncus murinus suggests that the male courtship call develops from the caravanning call of the young // Acta Theriol. 2014. V. 59. N 1. P. 149–164. DOI: 10.1007/s13364-013-0141-1
  11. Volodin I.A., Zaytseva A.S., Ilchenko O.G., Volodina E.V. Small mammals ignore common rules: a comparison of vocal repertoires and the acoustics between pup and adult piebald shrews Diplomesodon pulchellum // Ethology. 2015. V. 121. N 2. P. 103–115. DOI: 10.1111/eth.12321
  12. Volodin I.A., Volodina E.V., Frey R., Karaseva K.D., Kirilyuk V.E. Daurian pika (Ochotona dauurica) alarm calls: individual acoustic variation in a lagomorph with audible through ultrasonic vocalizations // J. Mammal. 2021. V. 102. N 3. P. 947–959. DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyab048
  13. Conner D.A. Analysis of the vocal repertoire of adult pikas: ecological and evolutionary perspectives // Anim. Behav. 1985. V. 33. N 1. P. 124–134. DOI: 10.1016/s0003-3472(85)80126-3
  14. Nikolskii A.A., Mukhamediev T.D. Sexual dimorphism and seasonal change of the song in Altai pika // Bull. Moscow Soc. Nat. Biol. Ser. 1998. V. 103. N 1. P. 9–20.
  15. Lissovsky A.A. Comparative analyses of the vocalization of pikas (Ochotona, Mammalia) from alpina - hyperborea group // Bull. Moscow Soc. Nat. Biol. Ser. 2005. V. 110. N 6. P. 12–26.
  16. Volodin I.A., Matrosova V.A., Frey R., Kozhevnikova J.D., Isaeva I.L., Volodina E.V. Altai pika (Ochotona alpina) alarm calls: individual acoustic variation and the phenomenon of call-synchronous ear folding behavior // Sci. Nat. 2018. V. 105. 40. DOI: 10.1007/s00114-018-1567-8
  17. Marsden H.M., Holler N.R. Social behavior in confined populations of the cottontail and the swamp rabbit // Wildl. Monogr. 1964. N 13. P. 3–39.
  18. Green J.S., Flinders J.T. Alarm call of the pygmy rabbit (Brachylagus idahoensis) // Great Basin Naturalist. 1981. V. 41. N 1. P. 158–160.
  19. Tefft B.C., Chapman J.A. Social behavior of the New England cottontail, Sylvilagus transitionalis (Bangs) with a review of social behavior in New World rabbits (Mammalia: Leporidae) // Revue d’Écologie. 1987. V. 42. N 3. P. 235–276.
  20. Rehnus M., Wehrle M., Obrist M.K. Vocalisation in the mountain hare: calls of a mostly silent species // Eur. J. Wildl. Res. 2019. V. 65. 95. DOI: 10.1007/s10344-019-1331-1
  21. Schuh D., Hoy S., Selzer D. Vocalization of rabbit pups in the mother-young relationship // In: Proceedings of the 8th World Rabbit Congress; 7-10 September 2004; Puebla, Mexico. 2004. P. 1266–1270.
  22. Rödel H.G., Landmann C., Starkloff A., Kunc H.P., Hudson R. Absentee mothering – not so absent? Responses of European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) mothers to pup distress calls // Ethology. 2013. V. 119. N 11. P. 1024–1033. DOI: 10.1111/eth.12149
  23. Cowan D.P., Bell D.J. Leporid social behavior and organization // Mamm. Rev. 1986. V. 16. N 3-4. P. 169–179. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2907.1986.tb00039.x
  24. Cowan D.P. Group living in the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus): mutual benefit or resource localization? // J. Anim. Ecol. 1987. V. 56. N 3. P. 779–795. DOI: 10.2307/4948
  25. Lehmann M. Social behaviour in young domestic rabbits under semi-natural conditions // Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 1991. V. 32. N 2-3. P. 269–292. DOI: 10.1016/S0168-1591(05)80049-8
  26. Okanoya K., Screven L.A. Rodent vocalizations: adaptations to physical, social, and sexual factors // In: Dent M., Fay R., Popper A. (eds.) Rodent Bioacoustics. Springer Handbook of Auditory Research, V. 67; Springer, Cham. 2018. P. 13–41. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-92495-3_2
  27. Miard P., Lim L.S., Abdullah N.I., Elias N.A., Ruppert N. Ultrasound use by Sunda colugos offers new insights into the communication of these cryptic mammals // Bioacoustics. 2019. V. 28. N 5. P. 397–403. DOI: 10.1080/09524622.2018.1463294
  28. Farwell T.A., Diggins C.A., Clucas B. Ultrasonic vocalizations of Humboldt’s flying squirrel (Glaucomys oregonensis) // West. N. Am. Naturalist. 2024. V. 84. N 1. P. 53–66. DOI: 10.3398/064.084.0105
  29. Dymskaya M.M., Volodin I.A., Smorkatcheva A.V., Vasilieva N.A., Volodina E.V. Audible, but not ultrasonic, calls reflect surface-dwelling or subterranean specialization in pup and adult Brandt’s and mandarin voles // Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 2022. V. 76. 106. DOI: 10.1007/s00265-022-03213-6
  30. Liu R.C., Miller K.D., Merzenich M.M., Schreiner C.E. Acoustic variability and distinguishability among mouse ultrasound vocalizations // J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 2003. V. 114. P. 3412–3422. DOI: 10.1121/1.1623787
  31. Yurlova D.D., Volodin I.A., Ilchenko O.G., Volodina E.V. Rapid development of mature vocal patterns of ultrasonic calls in a fast-growing rodent, the yellow steppe lemming (Eolagurus luteus) // PLoS ONE. 2020. V. 15. e0228892. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228892
  32. Heffner H., Masterton B. Hearing in Glires: domestic rabbit, cotton rat, feral house mouse, and kangaroo rat // J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1980. V. 68. N 6. P. 1584–1599. DOI: 10.1121/1.385213
  33. Holy T.E., Guo Z. Ultrasonic songs of male mice // PLoS Biol. 2005. V. 3. e386. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0030386
  34. Ter-Mikaelian M., Yapa W.P., Rübsamen R. Vocal behavior of the Mongolian gerbil in a seminatural enclosure // Behaviour. 2012. V. 149. N 5. P. 461–492. DOI: 10.1163/156853912X639778
  35. Boulanger-Bertolus J., Rincón-Cortés M., Sullivan R.M., Mouly A.M. Understanding pup affective state through ethologically significant ultrasonic vocalization frequency // Sci. Rep. 2017. V. 7. 13483. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13518-6
  36. Capas-Peneda S., Saavedra Torres Y., Prins J., Olsson A.S. From mating to milk access: a review of reproductive vocal communication in mice // Front. Behav. Neurosci. 2022. V. 16. 833168. DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.833168

Information about the authors:

Volodin Ilya Alexandrovich – PhD of biology, DSc, Leading Researcher of Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, ORCID: 0000-0001-6278-0354, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it..

Klenova Anna Viktorovna – PhD of biology, Senior Researcher of Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, ORCID: 0000-0001-8176-9847.

Volodina Elena Vladimirovna – PhD of biology, Senior Researcher of Department of Behaviour and Behavioural Ecology of Mammals, Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, RAS, ORCID: 0000-0001-9755-4576.

Popov Dmitry Vladimirovich – Candidate of Biological Sciences, Leading Researcher, Chief of Department of biotechnology of the Afanas'ev Research Institute of Fur-Bearing Animal Breeding and Rabbit Breeding, ORCID: 0000-0001-7422-5470.

Kosovsky Gleb Yurievich – Doctor of Biological Sciences, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Director of the Afanas'ev Research Institute of Fur-Bearing Animal Breeding and Rabbit Breeding, ORCID: 0000-0003-3808-3086.